Kaʻai pono ʻole i nā keiki a me nā mākua: Nā kumu, nā hopena a me nā pale

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Wahi a ka ʻikepili a ka The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), Public Health Foundation of India (PHFI) a me National Institute of Nutr (NIN) Nutr, ma 2017, ʻo ka malnutrisi ke kumu nui o ka make no nā keiki ma lalo o 5 mau makahiki i ʻo kēlā me kēia mokuʻāina ʻo India. Loaʻa iā 68.2% o ka nui o ka make i nā keiki. Ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka make ma 706,000.

ʻO Asia Hema ka nui o ke keiki momona, e like me ka Global Hunger Index. Ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa, ma kahi o 795 miliona mau kānaka e ʻai ʻole i ka meaʻai, ʻo ka hapanui o lākou aia ma ʻApelika a me ʻAsia.

Hōʻike ka ʻikepili o ka World Bank aia ma India kahi o nā helu kanaka kiʻekiʻe loa o ka honua e pili ana i nā keiki e ʻeha nei i kaʻai pono ʻole. Ma India ma 2017, ka nui o ka hānau haʻahaʻa ma 21.4%, ke keiki underweight ma 32.7%, keiki ma kahi o 15.7%, keiki stunting ma 39.3%, overweight keiki ma 11.5%, anemia i nā keiki he 59.7% , a me ka anemia i nā wahine nona ka makahiki 15-49 he 54.4%.

ʻO nā mokuʻāina ʻo India kahi i ʻike nui ʻia ka malnutrice Rajasthan, Bihar, Assam a me Uttar Pradesh.

pehea e hōʻemi ai i nā kaha kiko ma nā lima

He aha ka hana maikaʻi ʻole? ^[1]

Wahi a ka World Health Organization (WHO), malnutrisy ke kumu o ka hemahema a me ke kaulike ʻole o ka lawe ʻana o kahi kanaka i nā meaola. Uhi ʻia i ʻelua hui ākea o nā kūlana - undernutrice e hoʻopili pū ana me ka ʻōpala ʻana, pūʻiwa ʻana, underweight a me nā hemahema micronutrient. ʻO ka lua o ka overnutrie kahi e nui ai nā mea momona e hiki ai ke alakaʻi i ka momona, lāʻau make lāʻau, a pēlā aku.

Nā kumu o kaʻai pono ʻole ^[elua]

• Nā kūlana wā lōʻihi e kumu ʻole ai ka makemake ʻole
• Hoʻolālā hoʻoweliweli
• Hoʻonui i ke koi o ke kino no ka ikehu
• ʻO nā kūlana olakino noʻonoʻo e like me schizophrenia a i ʻole kaumaha e hoʻopili ai i kou ʻano a makemake e ʻai
• Hoʻopilikia nā kūlana e like me ka maʻi o Crohn a i ʻole colitis ulcerative e hiki ai i ke kino ke ʻānai i ka meaʻai a ʻānai i nā meaʻai
• ʻO kekahi kumu o ka hōʻino kino hiki ke anorexia, kahi maʻi ʻai
• Nā pilikia pili kaiaulu a me ka neʻe
• ʻAlekohola
• Hānai umauma.

ʻO nā hōʻailona a me nā ʻōuli o ka hana maikaʻi ʻole

• Loaʻa ka hoihoi ʻole i nā meaʻai a mea inu paha
• Huhū a luhi hoʻi
• ʻAʻole hiki ke noʻonoʻo
• ʻO ke anuanu i nā manawa āpau
• Ka nalowale o ke kino, ka nui o nā mākala, a me ka nalo ʻana o ka momona
• ʻO ka manawa hoʻōla lōʻihi no nā ʻeha
• ʻOi aku ka makaʻu o ka maʻi ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana i ka manawa e ola ai.

Hōʻike nā keiki i ka ulu ʻole a luhi a huhū lākou. Lohi a hoʻomāhuahua hoʻi ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka lawena a me ka noʻonoʻo, a ʻo ka hopena paha i nā pilikia aʻo. A i ka wā e ʻeha ai nā mākua i ka undernourishment koʻikoʻi, hoʻōla hou lākou me ka lāʻau.

Nā ʻano o kaʻai pono ʻole

1. Ka ulu maikaʻi ʻole o ka momona - ʻO ka holo pono ʻole o ke kanaka ke ulu e like me ka mea i manaʻo ʻia i ke kaumaha a me ke kiʻekiʻe e like me kona mau makahiki a me kāna kāne ^[3] .

2. Kaʻai kūpono ʻole a me ka luku wale - Kū i waho o ka hāʻule koke, ka pohō kaumaha. Ke alakaʻi nei kēia i ʻekolu mau ʻano o ka malasmus malnus clinical, kwashiorkor, a me marasmic-kwashiorkor ^[4] .

3. Kaʻai maikaʻi ʻole a i ʻole ke kūlia ʻana - Hoʻomaka kēia ʻano malnutrity ma mua o ka hānau ʻana ma muli o ke olakino maikaʻi o ka makuahine a alakaʻi i ka ulu ulu ʻole o ke keiki.

4. ʻO kaʻai maikaʻi ʻole Micronutrient - Kuhi kēia i kahi hemahema o ka nui o ka wikamina A, ka wikamina B, ka wikamina C, ka lāʻau D, ka calcium, ka iodine, ka folate, ka hao, ka zinc a me ka selenium. ^[5] .

He aha nā hopena o ka hana maikaʻi ʻole i nā keiki? ^[6]

• Niho palaho
• Hana maikaʻi ʻole maikaʻi ʻole
• ʻO nā gum a pehu
• ʻO ka ʻili maloʻo a wīwī hoʻi
• Kaona kaumaha
• Loaʻa ka pilikia i ka nānā ʻana a me ka nānā ʻana
• ʻŌpū ʻōpū
• Nāwaliwali ka ʻiʻo
• Piʻi maikaʻi ʻole
• Lilo o ka ikehu
• Osteoporosis
• Hewa hana ʻōiwi
• Nā pilikia aʻo

He aha ke kumu o ka ʻai kino i nā keiki? ^[7]

ʻO nā maʻi e hoʻonā ai i ka ʻōpū o ka ʻōpū e like me ka maʻi ʻōpū a me ka maʻi celiac i nā keiki e alakaʻi i ka malnutrisi. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā maʻi ʻaʻai Intestinal i nā keiki i ka hōʻino kino ʻole i nā keiki.

Pehea e mālama ai i nā keiki hānai? ^[8]

Hiki ke hoʻohuli ʻia ka nui o nā hopena ʻino o ke olakino inā loaʻa ʻole ka momona o ke keiki. Inā ʻoe e ʻike nei e lilo ana kāu keiki i mea nāwaliwali, a laila nele kāna mau meaola. E ʻōlelo aku i kāu kauka i hiki ke alakaʻi i kahi hoʻokolohua kino a e nīnau e pili ana i nā ʻano a me ka nui o nā meaʻai a kāu keiki e ʻai nei. E ana ke kauka i ke kiʻekiʻe, kaupaona, a me ka papa kuhikuhi o ke kino (BMI) o kāu keiki, e nānā no nā ʻano kumu e hiki ai ke hōʻemi kino ʻole, e kauoha i nā hoʻokolohua koko e nānā no nā hemahema o ka meaʻai.

ʻO ka mālama ʻana i ka malnutrie pili loa i ke kumu. Paipai paha kahi dietitian i nā loli kikoʻī i ka nui o nā meaʻai a paipai i nā mea hoʻopihapiha dietary e like me nā huaora a me nā minelala. ʻAʻole wale nā ​​keiki, akā ʻo ka poʻe ʻelemākule e like pū kekahi me ka momona kino.

He aha nā hopena o ka hana maikaʻi ʻole i nā mākua?

Hiki i nā mākua ʻelemakule me ka palaka hānai ke loaʻa i nā pilikia olakino he nui e like me ka pohō kaumaha ʻole, ka nalowale o ka ikaika a me ka nāwaliwali o ka ʻiʻo, ka luhi a me ka luhi, kaumaha, anemia, kaumaha, nā pilikia me ka hoʻomanaʻo a me ka ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali.

Ma muli o kēia mau pilikia olakino, kipa pinepine ka poʻe mākuaʻai pono ʻole i kā lākou kauka. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hoʻōla mai ke ʻoki a i ʻole nā ​​kaʻina hana e like me ka wikiwiki o nā mākua olakino i hānai pono ʻia.

pehea e loaʻa ai nā lehelehe poni palupalu i ka lā hoʻokahi

He aha ke kumu o ka ʻai kino i ka poʻe makua? ^[9]

Hiki i kekahi mau mea ke hana i ka malnutrite i nā mākua e pili pū me:

Nā pilikia olakino - Ke loaʻa nei nā pilikia olakino e like me ka dementia a me nā maʻi maʻi ʻē aʻe i ka lilo o ka makemake ʻole. Hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i ka papaʻai papa ʻia hoʻi.

Nā Lapaʻau - Aia kekahi mau lāʻau i hiki ke hoʻemi i kou makemake a hoʻopili paha i ka ʻono a me ka pilau o ka meaʻai e paʻakikī ai ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka meaʻai.

Kīnā ʻole - ʻAʻole hiki i nā mākua ʻelemakule e noho nei me ka dementia a i ʻole ke kīnā o ke kino a noho mehameha ʻole ke kuke na lākou iho.

ʻAlekohola - Hoʻoemi ia i ka makemake a hoʻohaunaele i ke kaʻina hana maoli o ke kino o ka omo ʻana i nā meaola. Hoʻopilikia ia i ke kaʻina hanaʻaiʻai e ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mālama ʻana i ka meaʻai, digestion, utilization and excretion of nutrients.

Pehea e mālama ai i ka malnutrite i nā mākua? ^[10]

• He mea nui e noi i nā kānana no nā pilikia meaʻai i nā kipa kauka maʻamau a nīnau e pili ana i nā koi kūpono e kūpono iā ʻoe.
• Pono e hoʻopau i ka meaʻai i piha me nā meaʻai. ʻAi e like me nā nati a me nā ʻanoʻano, curd, nā huaʻai, nā lauʻai, nā palaoa, nā pōpoki nut, ka waiū holoʻokoʻa a pēlā aku. Hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohui i nā hua manu keu aku i nā omelet a hoʻonui i ka tī i kāu mau sopa, nā noodles a me nā sanwika e hoʻonui ai i ka waiwai pono.
• Hiki ke hoʻohalahala ʻia ka papaʻai kapu ʻia e ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai lemon, nā mea ʻala a me nā mea kanu.
• E ʻai i nā meaʻai māmā e like me ka hua a me ka tī, kahi puna o ka wai pīpī a i ʻole ka hua momona e hāʻawi i kou kino me ka nui o nā meaʻai a me nā calorie.
• E hoʻāʻo e hana i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa i nā hana māmā i kēlā me kēia lā, e kōkua ia i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka makemake, e hoʻoikaika i nā iwi a me nā mākala.

ʻO wai ka mea ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka maʻi malnutr?

• ʻO ka poʻe ʻelemākule, ʻo ka poʻe hoʻi i ka haukapila.
• ʻO ka poʻe me ka loaʻa kālā haʻahaʻa a i ʻole ka poʻe i hoʻokaʻawale kaiapili.
• ʻO ka poʻe me nā maʻi mau lōʻihi lōʻihi, e laʻa me ka ʻai ʻana i nā maʻi e like me anorexia nervosa a me bulimia.
• Ke ola nei nā kānaka mai kahi maʻi koʻikoʻi a i ʻole kahi kūlana, ʻoi aku kēlā mau kūlana e hoʻopili i ko lākou hiki ke ʻai.

Pehea e ʻike ai i ka malnutr?

No ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻai pono ʻole, pono ʻoe e nānā i kāu ʻano mea ʻai a kāu mea i aloha ai, e makaʻala no ka pohō kaumaha ʻole i wehewehe ʻia, e nānā i nā ʻeha e hoʻolōʻihi ana i ka manawa e hoʻōla ai, nā pilikia o ka niho a mālama i kahi pā i nā lāʻau e hoʻopili i ka makemake.

Nā ala e pale aku ai i ka malnutr

1. Hana i nā koho meaʻai olakino

nā pōmaikaʻi o nā capsules vitamin e no ka lauoho

He mea nui ia e paipai i kāu poʻe aloha e hana i nā koho meaʻai olakino. ʻO ka mea mua, e hoʻomaka me ka loaʻa ʻana o kāu ʻike pilikino pilikino e pili ana i kāu kāne, makahiki, kiʻekiʻe, kaumaha a me ka pae hoʻoikaika kino. Eʻoliʻoli i kāu meaʻai ʻoiai ʻoe e ʻai ai, e hoʻopiha i ka hapalua o kāu pā me nā ʻalani, ʻulaʻula, ʻeleʻele a me nā hua ʻalani a me nā hua ʻōmaʻomaʻo-ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

2. Meaʻai māmā māmā

ʻO ka meaʻai māmā i nā mea meaʻai olakino e loaʻa ai kahi mahele lāʻau maikaʻi o nā mea keu a me nā calorie ma waena o nā meaʻai. E hoʻomaikaʻi ka meaʻai māmā olakino i kou olakino holoʻokoʻa, hoʻonui i ka mana o ka lolo, hoʻoponopono i ka naʻau, a hāʻawi i kou kino me kahi lawa o ka ikehu.

3. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa

Ma muli o ka hōʻino kino e hōʻemi ai i ka kaumaha nui, ka hoʻolālā ʻana no 30 mau minuke maikaʻi i ka lā hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke kaupaona, hakakā i nā kūlana olakino a me nā maʻi, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka naʻau a hoʻonui i ka ikehu.

4. Hoʻohui i nā mea hoʻohui i kāu papaʻai

Hiki i kekahi kanaka me ka malnutrice ke pōmaikaʻi ʻia mai kahi hoʻoluliluli hoʻohui a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻopili pono ʻē aʻe.

Kaʻana i kēia ʻatikala!

1. [1]Yadav, S. S., Yadav, S. T., Mishra, P., Mittal, A., Kumar, R., & Singh, J. (2016). ʻO kahi Epidemiological Study of Malnutrition ma waena o ʻelima mau keiki o nā kaiāulu a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻo Haryana. Ka nūpepa o ka noiʻi maʻi a me nā diagnostics: JCDR, 10 (2), LC07 – LC10.
2. [elua]Motedayen, M., Dousti, M., Sayehmiri, F., & Pourmahmoudi, A. A. (2019). ʻO kahi noiʻi no ka prevalence a me nā kumu o ka malnutr i Iran: kahi ʻatikala Review a me Meta-analysis. ʻO ka noiʻi ʻana i ka meaʻai maʻamau, 8 (2), 101-118.
3. [3]Scholl, T. O., Johnston, F. E., Cravioto, J., DeLicardie, E. R., & Lurie, D. S. (1979). ʻO ka pilina o ka ulu ʻole o ka ulu ʻole (undernutrition mau loa) i ka prevalence o ka malnutrine-protein malnutrative koʻikoʻi a me ka ulu ʻana i ka malnutrine-energy malnutrice. ʻO ka puke pai ʻAmelika o ka meaʻai kino, 32 (4), 872-878.
4. [4]ʻO Bhadoria, A. S., Kapil, U., Bansal, R., Pandey, R. M., Pant, B., & Mohan, A. (2017). ʻO ka laha nui o ka malnutrite ākea a me nā mea pili i ka sociodemographic e pili ana i waena o nā keiki he 6 mau mahina a me 5 mau makahiki i ka heluna kaiāulu o ka ʻĀkau o India: He ana lehulehu e pili ana i ka lāhui.
5. [5]ʻO Gonmei, Z., & Toteja, G. S. (2018). Ke kūlana Micronutrient o ka heluna India. ʻO ka puke pai India no ka noiʻi olakino, 148 (5), 511-521.
6. [6]Gaayeb, L., Sarr, J. B., Cames, C., Pinçon, C., Hanon, J. B., Ndiath, M. O.,… Hermann, E. (2014). Nā hopena o ka hōʻino kino i ka pale o nā keiki i nā antigens bacteria i Northern Senegal. ʻO ka puke pai ʻAmelika o ka lāʻau tropika a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, 90 (3), 566-573.
7. [7]Sahu, S. K., Kumar, S. G., Bhat, B. V., Premarajan, K. C., Sarkar, S., Roy, G., & Joseph, N. (2015). Kaʻai pono ʻole ma waena o nā keiki ma lalo o ʻelima ma India a me nā hoʻolālā no ka kāohi. Ka Nūpepa o ka ʻepekema kūlohelohe, biology, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau, 6 (1), 18-23.
8. [8]Nā Lenters, L., Wazny, K., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2016). Ka mālama ʻana i ka malnutrite koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a kaulike hoʻi i nā keiki. ʻO ka hānau ʻana, nā hānau makuahine, nā keiki hānau hou, a me ke olakino keiki, 205.
9. [9]Hickson M. (2006). Palena ʻai ʻole a me nā makahiki. ʻO ka puke pai lapaʻau puka puka, 82 (963), 2-8.
10. [10]Wells, J. L., & Dumbrell, A. C. (2006). Kaʻai a me ka ʻelemakule: ka nānā ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ke kūlana nutritional i hōʻemi ʻia i nā mea maʻi ʻelemakule nāwaliwali. Nā hana kūikawā i ka ʻelemakule, 1 (1), 67-77.

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