Ka Puʻuwai Puʻuwai: Nā kumu, nā ʻōuli, nā kumu pilikia, ka mālama ʻana a me ka pale ʻana

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Kū ka maʻi puʻuwai ke laila kahe ke koko i ka puʻuwai. ʻO ia, hiki ke wehewehe ʻia e like me ka make ʻana o nā mākala puʻuwai ma muli o ka nele o ke kahe o ke koko a hana pinepine kēia i ka wā e ālai ai ke kōkō koko i ke aʻa e hāʻawi ana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka blockage ma muli o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o ka momona, kolesterol a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hana i ka pā i nā aʻa a no laila e pale i ke kahe o ke koko ma ka haki ʻana e hana i nā clots. Kapa ʻia kekahi infarction myocardial, hōʻeha ka puʻuwai i nā hanana olakino koʻikoʻi e pono ai ke kauka koke ^[1] .

ʻO kekahi o nā maʻi maʻi maʻi maʻi nui loa, nā kāne nona ka makahiki 45 a ʻoi a ʻoi aku paha ka nui o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai o nā kāne ma mua o nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻōpio.

Nā kumu o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai

Hoʻopilikia nā kūlana Cardiac i ka hōʻeha o ka puʻuwai. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka hapa nui o nā puʻuwai puʻuwai e ka maʻi puʻuwai coronary, kahi ʻano e keʻakeʻa i nā aʻa coronary me nā momona momona. Hiki i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o nā mea like ʻole ke hōʻemi i nā aʻa aʻa a loaʻa i ka hopena i ka maʻi coronary artery, ʻo ia ke kumu mua o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. ^[elua] .

Hiki ke kumu ʻia nā hōʻeha puʻuwai e kahi kīʻaha koko i haehae ʻia a ma nā hanana kakaʻikahi loa, ua kū ʻia ia ma muli o ka spasm moku koko ^[3] .

Nā ʻōuli o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai

ʻO nā ʻōuli maʻamau o ka myocardial infarction penei ^[4] :

• Kaomi a paʻa i kou umauma a i ʻole nā ​​lima e hohola paha i kou ʻāʻī

Nusea

ʻO ka hou anu

ʻ .hū koke

Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻaʻole like nā ʻōuli o ke ʻano no kēlā me kēia kanaka. ʻO ia, ʻokoʻa nā ʻōuli mai kekahi kanaka a i kekahi a mai kekahi puʻuwai puʻuwai i kekahi.

He mea nui ia e aʻo ʻoe e hoʻomaopopo inā he puʻuwai ia a i ʻole ʻeha ka umauma no ka mea ʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe e nānā ʻole i nā ʻōuli mua o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e ka manaʻo he mea ʻole ia ma mua o ka ʻeha o ka umauma ^[5] .

Wahi a nā kauka lapaʻau, ʻaʻole pono e mālama ʻia nā ʻōuli mua o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai no ka mea aia nā hōʻailona puʻuwai puʻuwai i 50 pakeneka o nā poʻe āpau i loaʻa i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻōuli mua e hiki ke kōkua i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau me ka wikiwiki, no laila e pale ana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai no ka mea ʻo 85 pākēneka o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e hana i nā hola ʻelua ma hope o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ^[6] .

Nā ʻōuli o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai

• ʻEha ma kou mau poʻohiwi, ʻāʻī, a me ka iwi ā ^[7]
• ʻEha ʻeha a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha i kou umauma e hele mai a hele paha
• Hoʻoulu
• Ka hopohopo nui a huikau paha
• Nausea a i ʻole ka luaʻi
• Hoʻonani manaʻo aloha
• Ka hanu ʻana
• ʻĀlohilohi

ʻO ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i nā ʻōuli o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai he mea nui ia e kōkua ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka lāʻau kūpono i ka manawa kūpono. No laila, ʻokoʻa nā ʻōuli i nā kāne a me nā wahine. E nānā mākou i nā ʻokoʻa, i mea kōkua iā ʻoe a me kāu poʻe i aloha ai.

(poe-papaa)

Nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai i nā kāne

Wahi a nā kauka lāʻau lapaʻau, he mea hōʻeha paha ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana o nā kāne i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻana i nā wahine. Ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā noiʻi he mau kaukani, ua hiki i nā kānaka noiʻi ke hoʻomaopopo i nā ʻōuli o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e pili pono ana i nā kāne ^[8] .

• ʻO ke kuʻi puʻuwai wikiwiki a i ʻole kaulike
• ʻO ka hou anu
• Puʻupuʻu
• Ka hanu ʻana o ka hanu, kahi e waiho ai iā ʻoe me he mea lā ʻaʻole hiki ke lawa ka ea (ʻoiai e hoʻomaha ana)
• Hōʻoluʻolu ʻōpū
• ʻEha a ʻoluʻolu ʻole paha i ke kino o luna (nā lima, ka poʻohiwi hema, kua, ʻāʻī, ʻiwi, a ʻōpū paha)
• ʻO kahi manaʻo kaumaha ma kou umauma, hele mai a hele

Nā hōʻailona o ka hōʻeha puʻuwai i nā wahine

Ua hiki i nā noiʻi ke hōʻiliʻili i ka ʻike i nā ʻōuli o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai i nā wahine ʻokoʻa i nā wahine. Ua ʻōlelo ʻia nā ʻōuli ma lalo ^[9] .

• Indigestion a i ʻole ʻeha e like me ka ʻeha
• ʻEha poʻohiwi
• ʻEha kua o luna
• ʻEha ʻeha
• Pokole o ka hanu
• Hopohopo
• Hiamoe hiamoe
• ʻĀlohilohi
• Luhi luhi ʻole e mau ana no kekahi mau lā a i ʻole nā ​​luhi hikiwawe

I nā wahine ma mua o 50 mau makahiki, piʻi ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala puʻuwai puʻuwai e like me kēia wā ke hoʻololi ke kino wahine ma o ka menopause. ʻO kēia no ka mea ʻo ka estrogen estrogen e kōkua ai i ka pale ʻana i kou puʻuwai ke iho i ka wā menopause - a laila e hoʻonui ana i ka makaʻu ^[10] .

ʻO kekahi o nā ʻōuli i hōʻike kikoʻī ʻia i nā wahine ma mua o 50 e like me kēia ^{[umikumākahi]} :

• ʻEha ʻeha puʻuwai
• ʻO ke kuʻi puʻuwai wikiwiki a i ʻole kaulike
• Hoʻoulu
• ʻEha a ʻoluʻolu ʻole i loko o hoʻokahi a ʻelua paha mau lima, ke kua, ka ʻāʻī, ka ʻāʻī, a me ka ʻōpū

Nā Kūlana Pilikia No ka Attack Heart

Hoʻonui kekahi mau mea i kou makaʻi no ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a penei lākou ^[12] :

• Makahiki
• Momona
• Paka
• ʻO ke kiʻekiʻe o ke koko kolesterol a i ʻole nā ​​pae triglyceride
• Piʻi koko kiʻekiʻe
• Diabetes
• Kaumaha
• Hoʻohana lāʻau lāʻau lapaʻau
• Ka nele o ka hoʻoikaika kino
• Metabolic maʻi pale
• He moʻolelo ʻohana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai
• ʻO kahi kūlana autoimmune
• He moʻolelo o preeclampsia

Nā pilikia o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai

Hiki i kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai ke hopena i nā puʻuwai puʻuwai abnormal (arrhythmia), puʻuwai puʻuwai (kahi hōʻeha paha e hōʻino i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e holo ʻole ka puʻuwai puʻuwai i koe) a hopu koke ʻia ka naʻau ^[13] .

ʻIke o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai

E mālama ke kauka i kahi hoʻokolokolo kino a nānā i ka mōʻaukala olakino. E alakaʻi ʻia kahi electrocardiogram (ECG) e nānā i ka hana uila o kou puʻuwai.

Kaawale mai kēia, e loaʻa nā laʻana koko e holo i nā hoʻokolohua e nānā ai no ka hōʻino ʻana o nā mākala.

ʻO kekahi o nā hoʻokolohua diagnostic hou e pili ana penei ^[14] :

• ʻEchocardiogram
• X-ray umauma
• ʻO ka catheterisation coronary (angiogram)
• Hōʻike hoʻohaʻahaʻa hoʻoikaika kino
• Cardiac CT a i ʻole MRI

Hoʻomaʻamaʻa no nā puʻuwai puʻuwai

Ma muli o ke kumu a me ke kūlana, e paipai ke kauka i nā hoʻokolohua like ʻole.

ʻO ka mea mua a mea nui i hana ʻia he catheterisation naʻau kahi e hoʻokomo ʻia ai kahi ʻimi i loko o nā kīʻaha koko, a laila kōkua ia i ke kauka i ka hoʻomaopopo ʻana i ke kūkulu ʻana o ka pā. ^{[umikumālima]} .

Inā loaʻa i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, e paipai ka kauka i nā kaʻina hana e kōkua ai i ka hoʻomaha ʻana i ka ʻeha a me ka pale ʻana i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻopili nā kaʻina hana me ka angioplasty, kahi stent, ʻoki bypass puʻuwai, ʻoki ʻana o ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, kahi pacemaker a me kahi transplant puʻuwai. ^[16] .

ʻO nā lāʻau i kuhikuhi ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai e komo pū me ka aspirin, antiplatelet a me nā anticoagulants (nā mea lahilahi o ke koko), nā lāʻau e hoʻoneʻe i nā clots, nā painkillers, thrombolytic, beta-blockers, nā mea kāohi ACE, statins, nitroglycerin a me nā lāʻau kaomi koko ^[17] .

Huʻi Puʻuwai hāmau

E like me nā puʻuwai puʻuwai maʻamau, kū ka puʻuwai puʻuwai me ka ʻole o nā ʻōuli maʻamau. Hoʻomaopopo pinepine kēia i ke kanaka e ʻike ʻole i ka hoʻouka kaua ʻana.

Wahi a nā noiʻi, 45 pākēneka o nā kānaka ma India ʻike i ka hōʻeha puʻuwai i kēlā me kēia makahiki me ka ʻike ʻole. Hāpai pū ka puʻuwai hāmau i ka hōʻino i kou puʻuwai a hoʻokiʻekiʻe i ka makaʻu o ka hoʻomohala puʻuwai ^[18] .

ʻO ka puʻuwai puʻuwai hāmau ka mea maʻamau i waena o ka poʻe me ka maʻi diabetes a me nā kānaka i loaʻa i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai ma mua.

ʻO nā ʻōuli e hōʻike paha i kahi puʻuwai puʻuwai hāmau e like me kēia ^[19] :

• Clamminess o ka ʻili
• Abdominal eha
• Puʻuwai puʻuwai
• Haunaele hiamoe
• Hoʻonui i ka luhi
• Hōʻoluʻolu iki i kou umauma, kaʻiwi a i ʻole nā ​​lima e hele me ka hoʻomaha

Kāohi ʻana i ka Attack Heart

ʻO ke kākoʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻololi ʻana i kou ola o kēlā me kēia lā a me nā ʻano maʻamau hiki ke kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i ke ʻano ^[iwakālua] .

• Pale i ka puhipaka
• Hoʻoikaika kino mau
• Mālama i kahi kaupaona olakino
• ʻAi a ola kino puʻuwai papaʻai
• Hoʻoponopono i ka maʻi kō
• Kaohi kāohi
• E hōʻemi i ka inu lama
• Kaohi i kāu kiʻekiʻe kolesterol a me nā kiʻekiʻe o ke koko
• E kiʻi i nā loiloi olakino maʻamau

Ka mālama ʻana

Hōʻalo i ka lawe ʻana i nā lāʻau kaohi hānau inā loaʻa ʻoe i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai, no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke hoʻonui i ka hana hoʻohui koko i kou kino ^{[iwakāluakumakahi]} .

1. [1]Schilling, R. (2016). Hōʻalo i kēlā Attack Heart.
2. [elua]Bayrak, D., & Tosun, N. (2018). Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hanai hānai no ka pale ʻana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a me ka hahau ʻana i nā mea maʻi hypertension. Ka Nūpepa International o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻepekema, 11 (2), 1073.
3. [3]Huang, C. C., & Liao, P. C. (2016). Hoʻokomo ka Puʻuwai naʻau i ke poʻo-ʻeha – Cardiac Cephalalgia. ʻO Acta Cardiologica Sinica, 32 (2), 239.
4. [4]Chau, P. H., Moe, G., Lee, S. Y., Woo, J., Leung, A. Y., Chow, C. M., ... & Zerwic, J. (2018). Ka pae haʻahaʻa o ka ʻike o nā ʻōuli puʻuwai a me nā ʻano ʻimi ʻimi mālama ʻole ʻia i waena o nā Kina kahiko: kahi ana ʻāpana. ʻO J Epidemiol Community Health, 72 (7), 645-652.
5. [5]Bayrak, D., & Tosun, N. (2018). Ka hoʻoholo ʻana i nā hanai hānai no ka pale ʻana i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai a me ka hahau ʻana i nā mea maʻi hypertension. Ka Nūpepa International o ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻepekema, 11 (2), 1073.
6. [6]Kitakata, H., Kohno, T., Kohsaka, S., Fujino, J., Nakano, N., Fukuoka, R., ... & Fukuda, K. (2018). ʻO ka hilinaʻi hoʻomanawanui e pili ana i ka hoʻololi ʻana i ke ʻano o ke ola ʻelua a me ka ʻike o ka 'hōʻeha puʻuwai' nā hōʻailona ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa perkutaneus ma Iapana: kahi noiʻi mahele ʻāpana. Hamama BMJ, 8 (3), e019119.
7. [7]Narcisse, M. R., Rowland, B., Long, C. R., Felix, H., & McElfish, P. A. (2019). ʻO ka hōʻeha puʻuwai a me nā hōʻailona hahau Ka ʻike o nā ʻōiwi Hawaiʻi a me nā poʻe o ka Pākīpika ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa: nā ʻike i loaʻa mai ka Nīnauele Nīnauele National Health. Hoʻolaha hoʻolauleʻa olakino, 1524839919845669.
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9. [9]Arslanian-Engoren, C., Patel, A., Fang, J., Armstrong, D., Kline-Rogers, E., Duvernoy, C. S., & Eagle, K. A. (2006). Nā hōʻailona o nā kāne a me nā wahine e hōʻike nei me nā syndrome coronary koʻikoʻi. ʻO ka puke pai ʻAmelika o ka cardiology, 98 (9), 1177-1181.
10. [10]ʻO Tullmann, D. F., & Dracup, K. (2005). ʻO ka ʻike e pili ana i nā ʻōuli puʻuwai i nā kāne a me nā wahine ʻelemakule no ka infoccial myocardial koʻikoʻi. Ka Nūpepa o ka Rehabilitation a me ka Kāohi ʻana i ka Cardiopulmonary, 25 (1), 33-39.
11. [umikumākahi]ʻO Finnegan Jr, J. R., Meischke, H., Zapka, J. G., Leviton, L., Meshack, A., Benjamin-Garner, R., ... & Weitzman, E. R. (2000). Hoʻolālā ka mea hoʻomanawanui i ka ʻimi ʻana i ka mālama no nā hōʻailona hōʻeha puʻuwai: nā hopena mai nā pūʻulu manaʻo i alakaʻi ʻia i ʻelima mau wahi US. Lapaʻau Preventive, 31 (3), 205-213.
12. [12]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Howard, V. J. (2016). ʻO nā maʻi maʻi maʻi a me nā maʻi hahau-2016 hōʻano hou i kahi hōʻike mai ka American Heart Association. Kaapuni, 133 (4), e38-e48.
13. [13]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Huffman, M. D. (2015). Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo: nā maʻi puʻuwai a me nā hōʻeha stroke-2015 hōʻano: kahi hōʻike mai ka American Heart Association. Kaapuni, 131 (4), 434-441.
14. [14]Micha, R., Peñalvo, J. L., Cudhea, F., Imamura, F., Rehm, C. D., & Mozaffarian, D. (2017). ʻO ka hui ma waena o nā kumuʻai a me nā make ʻana mai nā maʻi puʻuwai, hahau, a me ka maʻi maʻamau ʻo 2 ma United States. ʻO Jama, 317 (9), 912-924.
15. [umikumālima]Mozaffarian, D., Benjamin, E. J., Go, A. S., Arnett, D. K., Blaha, M. J., Cushman, M., ... & Howard, V. J. (2016). Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo: nā maʻi puʻuwai a me nā maʻi hahau — 2016 hōʻano hou: kahi hōʻike mai ka American Heart Association. Kaapuni, 133 (4), 447-454.
16. [16]Feigin, V. L., Roth, G. A., Naghavi, M., Parmar, P., Krishnamurthi, R., Chugh, S., ... & Estep, K. (2016). ʻO ka ukana ākea o ka hahau a me nā mea pilikia ma nā ʻāina he 188, i ka manawa o 1990-2013: kahi ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana no ka Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Ka Lancet Neurology, 15 (9), 913-924
17. [17]Kyu, H. H., Bachman, V. F., Alexander, L. T., Mumford, J. E., Afshin, A., Estep, K., ... & Cercy, K. (2016). ʻO ka hana kino a me ka makaʻu o ka umauma maʻi 'aʻai, maʻi' aʻai kolonā, diabetes, maʻi ischemic puʻuwai, a me nā hanana ischemic hahau: ʻōnaehana ʻōnaehana a me nā pane-pane meta-analysis no ka Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. bmj, 354, i3857
18. [18]Strom, T. K., Fox, B., & Reaven, G. (2002). Syndrome X: ke lanakila nei i ka mea pepehi kanaka hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi iā ʻoe i ka puʻuwai puʻuwai. ʻO Simona lāua ʻo Schuster.
19. [19]Kannel, W. B. (1986). Ischemia myocardial hāmau a infarction: ʻike mai ka Study Framingham. Nā keʻena maʻi Cardiology, 4 (4), 583-591.
20. [iwakālua]Naghavi, M., Falk, E., Hecht, H. S., Jamieson, M. J., Kaul, S., Berman, D., ... & Shaw, L. J. (2006). Mai ka pākuʻi palupalu i ka mea hoʻomanawanui nāwaliwali — ʻāpana III: hōʻuluʻulu mana o ka hōʻike loiloi ʻo Screening for Heart Attack Prevent and Education (SHAPE). ʻO ka puke pai ʻAmelika o ka cardiology, 98 (2), 2-15.
21. [iwakāluakumakahi]Kernan, W. N., Ovbiagele, B., ʻEleʻele, H. R., Bravata, D. M., Chimowitz, M. I., Ezekowitz, M. D., ... & Johnston, S. C. (2014). Nā ʻōkuhi no ka pale ʻana i ka hahau i nā mea maʻi me ka hahau a me ka hoʻouka ischemic kuikawa: he alakaʻi no nā ʻoihana mālama ola mai ka American Heart Association / American Stroke Association. Kuʻi, 45 (7), 2160-2236.

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