MENINGITIS: NĀ ʻANO, NĀ KUMU, NĀ ʻŌULI, NĀ KUMU PILIKIA, NĀ PILIKIA, KA PALE A ME KA MĀLAMA ʻANA

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Ua hōʻike ʻia nā noiʻi like ʻole ma India i ka meningitis ma ke ʻano he kumu nui o ka make ʻana o nā keiki ma lalo o ka makahiki 5. I ka makahiki 2012, ua hoʻolauna ke Aupuni o ʻInia i ka Pentavalent Vaccine ma ka Universal Immunization Program (UIP) ma ʻō a puni ka ʻāina a uhi i ka lāhui. e 2017.

ʻOiai ua emi ka nui o ka meningitis, pono nō e hoʻomau i ka nānā ʻana e loiloi i nā hiʻohiʻona e kū nei o ka pale antibiotic a me ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ʻāina. E heluhelu e ʻike e pili ana i ka maʻi e hoʻopili ana i ka lāhui, nā kumu a me nā ala e pale aku ai iā ia.

He aha ka Meningitis?

ʻO ka Meningitis kahi maʻi e hiki ai i ka mumū o nā membrane e puni ana i ka iwi kuamoo a me ka lolo. Hiki i nā pēpē, nā keiki, nā ʻōpio a me nā mākua ke hoʻomohala i ka meningitis, ʻoiai ke ʻano o ka meningitis e ʻokoʻa e like me ka makahiki.

ʻO ka pehu ʻana o nā meninges (nā pale o ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoo, ʻo ia hoʻi, pale lākou i ka lolo a me ka iwi kuamoo mai ka hopena ʻia e nā g germ a i ʻole kekahi trauma) i ka wā e maʻi ai ka wai a puni ka wahi. ^[1] .

ʻO kēia, ke kumu, ke kumu o ka hana ʻole o ka meninges, a me ka wai cerebrospinal e pale ai i nā hanana o ka ʻōnaehana waena. ^[elua] .

He aha nā ʻano o ka Meningitis?

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meningitis e nā bacteria a i ʻole nā mea ʻino a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano meningitis e like me ia. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o ka meningitis he bacterial a me viral.

1. Meningitis Virus

ʻO ke ʻano maʻamau o ka meningitis, meningitis viral he akahai a hoʻōla ʻia iā ia iho. Hoʻokumu pinepine ʻia ia e nā maʻi ma ka mahele Enterovirus, i kūlike i ka 85 pakeneka o ka maʻi ^[3] .

nā pōmaikaʻi o ka wai aniani no ka lauoho

2. Meningitis koʻohune

He maʻi lele kēia ʻano meningitis. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meningitis bacteria e kekahi ʻano o nā koʻohune e like me ka Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenza, Listeria monocytogenes a me Staphylococcus aureus.

Inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia, hiki i ke ʻano ke make. Wahi a nā hōʻike, 5 a 40 pākēneka o nā keiki a 20 a 50 paha pākēneka o nā mākua me ka maʻi koʻohune e make ^[4] .

3. Meningitis lele

Hoʻokomo ʻia kahi ʻano meningitis maʻamau, fungal meningitis e nā fungi e like me Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Histoplasma a me Coccidioides. Hoʻopili ka fungus i ke kino a pāhola i ke kahe o ke koko, mai kahi e hele ai i kou lolo a i ʻole ke kaula iwi.

4. meningitis parasite

Hoʻokumu ʻia e nā parasite i loaʻa i ka lepo, nā lepo, nā mea ʻai e like me ka iʻa maka, ka hana a me ka moa, hoʻokumu ʻia ka meningitis parasite e nā parasites e like me Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Baylisascaris procyonis a me

Gnathostoma spinigerum.

ʻAʻole hiki ke lele pololei ka meningitis Parasitic, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻole i hele ʻia mai kekahi kanaka i kekahi ʻē aʻe. Hoʻolahalaha ʻia ia i ka wā e maʻi ai nā parasites i kahi holoholona a i ʻole kahi mea ʻai, a laila hoʻopau ʻia e ke kanaka ^[5] .

5. Meningitis lele ʻole

Hiki i ka Meningitis ke ulu ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā kumu non-infectious a hāʻule kēia i lalo o kēlā mahele.

He aha nā kumu o ka Meningitis?

He ʻano like ʻole ko kēlā me kēia ʻano maʻi me nā maʻi viral ka kumu maʻamau. ʻO ke kumu koʻikoʻi ʻē aʻe nā maʻi bacterial a me nā maʻi fungal e laha iki ^[6] ^[7] .

Hoʻololi ke kumu o ka meningitis bacteria e like me ka makahiki o ka mea maʻi. I nā pēpē āpau a me nā keiki hānau hou a ʻekolu mau makahiki, ʻo nā kumu maʻamau ka pūʻulu B streptococci. I nā keiki makua, kumu ʻia ia e Neisseria meningitidis (meningococcus) a me Streptococcus pneumoniae. ʻOiai ʻo Neisseria meningitidis a me Streptococcus pneumoniae ka hopena.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meningitis virus e nā mea ʻino e like me ka maʻi Nile Komohana, influenza, mumps, HIV,

measles, herpes virus a me Coltivirus.

Hiki ke hoʻokumu ʻia ka meningitis fungal e nā kumu he nui. ʻO kekahi o nā kumu ka hoʻohana ʻana o nā pale pale pale, ka lilo o ka pale ʻana me ka makahiki a me ka maʻi HIV / AIDS.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ka meningitis parasite e nā parasites e like me Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Gnathostoma spinigerum a me Schistosoma. Hoʻolālā pū kekahi i kahi hopena o nā kūlana e like me cysticercosis, toxocariasis, baylisascariasis a me paragonimiasis.

Hoʻomohala ʻia ka meningitis non-infectious ma ke ʻano he hopena o nā kūlana olakino ʻē aʻe a i ʻole nā lāʻau e like me lupus, kahi poʻo i hōʻeha ʻia, ka ʻoki ʻana o ka lolo, ka maʻi ʻaʻai a me kekahi mau lāʻau.

He aha nā hōʻailona o ka meningitis?

ʻO nā ʻōuli mua e pili ana i ke ʻano ua like ia me ka maʻi flu a ulu i loko o kekahi mau lā. Hoʻololi nā ʻōuli meningitis ma muli o ka makahiki o ke kanaka a me ke ʻano o ka maʻi a me nā ʻōuli o ka viral a me ka meningitis bacteria i hiki i ka like ma ka hoʻomaka. ^[8] .

ʻO nā hōʻailona meningitis Viral i nā pēpē penei:

Huhū
Ka nele i ka makemake
Lethargy
Fiva
Hiamoe

ʻO nā hōʻailona maʻamau a me nā ʻōuli o ka meningitis i nā mākua penei:

ʻO ka luaʻi
Fiva
Hiamoe
ʻĀʻī ʻoʻoleʻa
Hinaʻi
ʻIke i ka mālamalama mālamalama
Hoʻoemi i ka makemake
Lethargy
Nusea
Huhū
Lethargy
ʻEha poʻo
ʻIli poni e like me nā ʻūlū
ʻO Chills
Ka noʻonoʻo i ka mālamalama (photophobia)
Huikau
Hoʻohuli manaʻo

I ka parasite meningitis, like nā hōʻailona me ka meningitis fungal a hiki i ke kanaka ke hoʻomāhuahua i nā huhū ma ke kino. ʻO ka meningitis meningococcal e loaʻa i nā iwi ma luna o ke kino a me nā hōʻailona o ke ʻano me ka ʻāʻī o ka ʻāʻī, ka hōʻailona a Brudzinski ad Kernig i ka hōʻike kino. ^[9] .

pehea e loaʻa ai nā puʻu paʻa

He aha nā mea pilikia o ka meningitis?

ʻO nā kumuhana pilikia Meningitis e hoʻopili ʻia me kēia ^[10] :

Makahiki ʻōpio
Hapai keiki
ʻO kahi ʻōnaehana pale nawaliwali a i ʻole hoʻopilikia ʻia
Noho i kahi hoʻonohonoho kaiāulu
Hōʻalo i nā lāʻau āpau

He aha nā pilikia o ka Meningitis?

Kūpono kēlā me kēia ʻano olakino i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pilikia a me nā kūpikipiki meningitis i koʻikoʻi a hiki ke hana i ka hopu ʻana a me ka hōʻino neurological mau inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia. ^{[umikumākahi]} .

ʻO nā pilikia o ka meningitis penei:

Hewa ʻole nā hakuʻala
Pāhaʻi
Nā pilikia kīnā
Lohe hoʻolohe
Nā pilikia hoʻomanaʻo
Pākuʻi
Poino lolo
Nā pilikia Gait
ʻO Hydrocephalus
Make

Pehea e ʻike ʻia ai ka Meningitis?

Lawe ke kauka i ka hōʻailona ma muli o ka hoʻokolohua kino, nā hoʻokolohua diagnostics a me ka mōʻaukala o kekahi. E nānā ke kauka no ka maʻi a puni ke poʻo, nā pepeiao, ka ʻāʻī a me ka ʻili ma ka ʻiwi ^[12] . ʻO ka hoʻokolokolo / hoʻokolohua nui loa i ka meningitis ʻo LP (lumbar puncture).

E hoʻopili ka hōʻailona i kēia mau hoʻokolohua:

Tomography kamepiula (CT)
Mākēneki resonance kiʻi (MRI)
Nā moʻomeheu koko
ʻO nā kukuna X

Pehea e mālama ʻia ai ka Meningitis?

Pili ka mālama olakino no ke ʻano i ka meningitis.

Pono ka meningitis koʻohuna i ka mālama koke ʻana me nā lāʻau antibiotic intravenous a me nā corticosteroids. ʻO ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa meningitis Viral me ka hoʻomaha moe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka wai a me nā lāʻau ʻeha o over-the-counter. Hoʻohana ʻia nā lāʻau anttifungal no ka mālama ʻana i ka meningitis fungus ^[13] .

I nā ʻano meningitis i koe, kēnā nā kauka i ka lāʻau antiviral a me nā lāʻau antibiotic. Mālama ʻia ka meningitis non-infectious me corticosteroids. I kekahi mau hihia o ka meningitis, ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka lapaʻau no ka mea ua maikaʻi ke kūlana ma kāna iho.

He aha nā ʻanuʻu no ka pale Meningitis?

E like me ke ʻano o nā maʻi ʻino a me nā koʻohune, hiki ke pālahalaha ma o ka uha ʻana, honi ʻana, ma ke kaʻana like ʻana i nā pono a pēlā aku. ^[14] .

E holoi i kou mau lima
Noho i ke olakino (e hoʻomaha, hoʻoikaika mau, ʻai me ke olakino)
Hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe maikaʻi
Uhi i kou waha i ka wā e kahe ana a i ʻole ka hiʻu ʻana
E akahele pono nā wahine hāpai i ka ʻai ʻana

Kaawale mai kēia, hiki ke pale ʻia ka meningitis e ka lawe ʻana i nā pale.

Nā Nīnau Nūhou

P. He aha ka hōʻailona mua o ka meningitis?

Makahiki : Ke kuni, ka luaʻi, ʻeha poʻo, ʻeha lālā, ʻili ʻulaʻula, a me nā lima a me nā wāwae anuanu nā hōʻailona mua o ka maningitis.

P. Hiki i ke kanaka ke ola i ka meningitis?

Makahiki : Inā haʻalele ʻia ka meningitis i hana ʻole ʻia hiki ke make. Akā, hiki i ke olakino olakino kūpono a me ke kōkua ke kōkua i ke ola o ke kanaka i kēia ʻano.

P. Pehea ka wikiwiki e hiki ai i ka meningitis ke pepehi iā ʻoe?

Makahiki : Hiki i ka Meningitis ke pepehi ma waena o 4 mau hola.

P. He aha ke ʻano o ka ʻeha puʻuwai meningitis?

Makahiki : ʻAʻole like me ka ʻeha poʻo maʻamau, loaʻa i kekahi, ʻeha ka maʻi poʻo meningitis i kou poʻo āpau a ʻaʻole kūloko ʻia i kekahi ʻāpana kikoʻī.

Nānā i nā ʻatikala

[1]Khan, F. Y., Yousef, H., & Elzouki, A. N. (2017). Rhabdomyolysis a me ke kōpaʻa kō ʻole e pili ana i ka meningitis pneumococcal: kahi hōʻike hihia a me nā loiloi puke. Ka Libyan Journal of Medical Science, 1 (1), 18.
[elua]ʻO Cooper, L. V., Kristiansen, P. A., Christensen, H., Karachaliou, A., & Trotter, C. L. (2019). ʻO ke kaʻa ʻo Meningococcal e ka makahiki i ke kāʻei meningitis ʻApelika: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me nā meta-analysis. Epidemiology & Infection, 147.
[3]van Samkar, A., Brouwer, M. C., Schultsz, C., van der Ende, A., & van de Beek, D. (2015). ʻO Streptococcus suis meningitis: kahi loiloi ʻōnaehana a me nā meta-analysis. Ua mālama ʻole ʻo PLoS i nā maʻi tropical, 9 (10), e0004191.
[4]Hussein, K., Bitterman, R., Shofty, B., Paul, M., & Neuberger, A. (2017). Ka mālama ʻana i ka meningitis post-neurosurgical: loiloi moʻolelo. ʻO Clinical Microbiology a me ka maʻi, 23 (9), 621-628.
[5]Ogrodzki, P., & Forsythe, S. (2015). ʻO ka Capsular profiling o ka genus Cronobacter a me ka hui ʻana o kekahi Cronobacter sakazakii a me C. malonaticus capsule ʻano me ka meningitis neonatal a me ka enterocolitis nekrotizing. Nā genomics BMC, 16 (1), 758.
[6]Sinha, M. K., Prasad, M., Haque, S. S., Agrawal, R., & Singh, A. (2016). ʻO ke kūlana olakino o ka hana Lactate Dehydrogenase ma Cerebrospinal Fluid me ka makahiki a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wahine i nā ʻano like ʻole o Meningitis. MOJ Immunol, 4 (5), 00142.
[7]Kakarlapudi, S. R., Chacko, A., Samuel, P., Verghese, V. P., & Rose, W. (2018). Hoʻohālikelike o ka scrub typhus meningitis me ka meningitis bacterial huehue a me ka meningitis tuberculous. Nā pēpē India, 55 (1), 35-37.
[8]Lv, S., Zhou, X. N., & Andrews, J. R. (2017). ʻO ka meningitis Eosinophilic i hoʻokumu ʻia e Angiostrongylus cantonensis.
[9]Heemskerk, A. D., Bang, N. D., Mai, N. T., Chau, T. T., Phu, N. H., Loc, P. P., ... & Lan, N. H. (2016). Hoʻoikaika i ka antituberculosis therapy i nā mākua me ka meningitis puʻu. Ka Nūpepa Lapaʻau ʻo New England, 374 (2), 124-134.
[10]Wilkinson, R. J., Rohlwink, U., Misra, U. K., Van Crevel, R., Mai, N. T. H., Dooley, K. E., ... & Thwaites, G. E. (2017). Meningitis puʻupuʻu. Nā Nānā Kūlohelohe Neurology, 13 (10), 581.
[umikumākahi]Kamana, R. R., & Petersdorf, R. G. (1962). ʻO ke kikowaena o ka meningitis bacteria. ʻO ka puke pai ʻAmelika o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, 33 (2), 262-275.
[12]Nā kikowaena no ka mālama ʻana i ka maʻi a me ka pale ʻana. (2015). ʻO ka Epidemiology a me ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi hiki ke pale ʻia. ʻO Wakinekona DC Public Health Foundation, 2, 20-2.
[13]Mount, H. R., & Boyle, S. D. (2017). Aseptic a me ka maʻi koʻohune meningitis: loiloi, lapaʻau, a me ka pale ʻana. Kauka Lapaʻau, Fam (96), 314-322.
[14]Rajasingham, R., Smith, R. M., Park, B. J., Jarvis, J. N., Govender, N. P., Chiller, T. M., ... & Boulware, D. R. (2017). ʻO ka ukana ākea o ka maʻi o ka meningitis cryptococcal pili i ka maʻi HIV: kahi loiloi hou. Nā maʻi lele ʻo Lancet, 17 (8), 873-881.